Petefls



Tall/whom may oi/Cerrar l l y "1 l Be it known that LLiiWis VAN RIPER, of `Spring (Valley, in the `county 'of Rockland of thisspecieationfand in which--` i ""Figureflrepresents aefiont elevation of a loom embracing myimprovements. Fig. 2, H represents a horizontal section 'takenat the LwisvANniPER, `H SPRING `VAL-LEY NEW YORK' spifieation of Letters Patent iva. 12,565, dated March 2o, 1855.

and State of NewYork, `have invented certain new and useful Improvements in; Looms for Weaving GauzeFabrics, of which Vthe following is aI full, clear", `and exact description, reference beinghad tothe accompanypart `ing drawings ofthe same,which make linefae of Fig.` 1." gFig.` 33, represents a vertical-s`ection`takenat the lline #t :[:l: of Fig. i 2. j Fig.` 4, representsa similar sect-ion `with the `parts a differentfposition from that seen in Fig. `3, and Figs@` 1 31 and 4 represent sections showingthe positions which the vintertvvisting needles respectively occupy in Figs. 3and 4, thered and bluelines indicati ing the warp threads and manner in which "they areintertwinedwith each other right and left. Figf represents a view of the mechanism forfturningl the cloth roll to wind upthecloth.` Fig. 6`re`presents a transverse `ksectionatftheline 1, l, of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 y representsa similar sectin `atthe line Fl) Q of Fig. 2.1 Fig`i`8` representsthe cam` with itsgates Closed, so that the traversing pin andjits lever; must *make two `vibrations to every revolutionloffthe camyand Fig.` `9, represents the eam with its gates open, `so that .i he" pin can e traverse only" one half of the groove i. My *1"vention and improvementrelates chieiiyto those partsofthe loom which are "concerned in working the warp threads, and

it" consists `in intertwining thesethreads by means of needles having acompound motion, instead"` of using `harness orvdoups for this l purpose as heretofore(K4 f My invention? further consists in making the ends of the needles forworking the warp,l

`thepoints 4oft-he needles of `one series be-` tween the threads passingthrough those of` the other seriesto intertwistthe threads ear-` 1 ried by thetwo seriesoffneedles Further thefbending of the points of the needles over @the "threadswhich tlieyfcarry, shieldsfthose `threads" and guidesthe point-s of the needles thin and crooked td facilitate the passage of ofthe ether series, pastthem.

` `My invention furtherconsists in arrang-V ing theseneedles in twoseries, Aand giving to oneor bot-h series a" compound lateral and i longitudinal motion to intertwist the warp- .threads, and at the saine time open a shed for the thread.

Myiinvention further` consists in so arpassage' of the shuttlewith the weftranging and operatingthe mechanism for` working the needles that they Will at proper 3 intervals omit the intertwisting of thewarp Vthreads and simply elevate and depress them to forma shed and weave plain cloth, in

`order that the fabric" may consist of alternateA transverse stripes of gauze `and Vplain cloth; p i

invention further consists in so arranging and operating the two series of needles, that they will produce a series of longitudinalstripes of gauze, while'a` pair of heddles workingin connection with the .needleswillproduce a series of stripesof being between, and connecting two adjacentv stripes of gauze. By means of this and the 'last recited contrivance, the web will be transveresly and "longitudinally striped so,

as"` to form areticulated plain fabric, with the interstices filled gauze.`

My invention new combinations of vdevices for effecting certain objects which devices and tlieircombinations will behereafter more particularly described. 1 1

further consists in certain M ('lheaccompanying drawingsrepresent a loom having my improvements applied thereto; V

The frame (A) is of the usual form vand materials.` `It supports a yarn beam (B), at the back, which carries the warp threads Vand a cloth roll (C) at the front, on which Qthe cloth is wound up as fastas it is woven.

-. The winding up of the cloth regulates the delivery of warp from the yarn beam, which is prevented from turning too freely, by a pace or friction brake.

l The lay (D) and crank shaft (E) which gives itl motion, the shuttle boxes (F), picker staifs. (G)j treadles (H) for driving the picker staifs, and wipers (I) on the cam shaft for giving them motion, may be of the usual construction. The crank shaft (E) and the cam shaft, J, are geared together by the wheels (E21 and J2) which bear such p ro` portion to each other that the crank shaft will revolve twice tothe cam shaft once, as"

`in looms for plain weaving. s

The loonris provided vvitha pair of heddles (K `and L) of the usual construction n n i i `.plain cloth," each stripe of the plain fabric v operated by treadles (M) and cams (N) in the usual manner so as to open a shed at each beat of the lay and if the action of these heddles upon so much of the warp threads as are passed through them, is not counteracted or modified, plain cloth will be the result. But a small portion of the warp threads are passed through the heddles while the greater part of them are passed through the eyes of a series of needles (a and b) placed in front of the heddles, though every alternate thread of that part of thewarp which is to be woven into gauze fabric is passed through these needles. The purpose of these needles is to intertwist together between each weft thread alternately to the right and left every pair of warp threads passed through them; that is one thread of the upper series of needlesk and the corresponding thread of the lower series are intertwisted or twined together to the right after one weft thread has been thrown, and to the left after the next weft thread is thrown. To produce this eifect of intertwisting the warp threads between the weft threads, it is only necessary that the warps of the two series of needles should be crossed at every second pick, for their return from the crossed to the parallel state produces the reversed twining.

The upper series of comb teeth or needles (a) is attachedto and project'downward from a bar (O) which is free to be moved up and down on the guide rods (all and d) which pass through it or through lugs on its ends. From the upper side of this bar, two flexible or jointed standards (c and e) project, which are pivoted to the inner end of small balance beams (f f) whose fulcra are on arms depending from the beam (P) which connects the standards (Q) that rise up from the sides of the loom frame to support the harness. The lower series of needles (Z9) rest upon a second cross bar (R) which is also free to slide on the rods (d d) and is guided thereon in the same manner as the upper bar O. The lower bar is connected by link rods (g g) to the outer ends of the balance beams (jl f). Under this arrangement, when one of the bars with its series of needles, is depressed, the other will be simultaneously elevated. This elevation and depression is eifected in this instance by connecting the lower bar (R) by means of link rods (h L) to the extremities of arms c) that project from a rock shaft (S) which derives motion from a cam T on the cam shaft (J), which cam is of peculiar construction. This cam is of the grooved variety and its groove (Z) in shape very nearly resembles the igure 8, so that a pin (s) on the end of the lever or arm (k2) which traverses this groove, will give to the arm two reciprocating motions or vibrations for each revolution of the cam. This groove (Z) in the cam is capable of being changed in form by means of a pair of hinged shutters -or gates (m) so that the pin (s) after traversing one half of the figure 8 will pass over by a cross groove (n) and ret-race its path through the same half of the figure instead of traversing the other half. When the cam is thus made to pass by or skip one half of the groove (Z), the arms (7a2) only makes one vibration to one revolution of the cam shaft. The vibrations of the arm (7a2) are made to vary so as to give a variable motion to the needles from and toward each other for a purpose that will be hereafter explained.

The journals on which the gates (m) turn extend through the cam to the side opposite the grooves and have cranks (o 0') formed on their ends and these cranks are connected by means of a rod (p), so that t-he gates may be simultaneously opened and closed. One of these cranks (0') is longer than the other and fitted with a pin (g) which under certain circumstances strikes a spiral guide or cam (r) on the end of a lever (fr) which by its peculiar shape operates to turn the cranks about 60 of a circle more or less, so as to open and close the gates (fm.) and thus vary the shape of the groove. When the lever is turned so as to bring the guide (r) without the range of motion of the wrist. pin (g), the cam pin (s) traverses the whole groove (Z) but when the guide is brought within the range of motion of the pin (g), the latter runs on it as shown in Figs. (7 and 9), and opens the gates, which are closed immediately after the passage of the pin (g) around the guide by the spring (p2) which bears on one of-the cranks or their connecting rod when the cam pin only traverses half the groove (Z). The guide (1') is moved into and out of range of the revolution of the crank pin (0) by means of the joint action of a cam (U) on the cam shaftand a cam (V) on the side of the ratchetwheel ('VV) by which the cloth beam is turned to wind up the cloth as fast as it is woven.

The cam (V) on the ratchet wheel is a segment of a ring of about seven eighths of a circle. The oiiice of this annular segment is to hold down one arm (t) of a bell crank (T) which holds the other arm (t) in a position more remote from the ratchet wheel than if the arm (t) were not yheld down. This holds the front extremity of the lever (r) toward the middle of the loom, and keeps its opposite end with the guide (r) out of the'range of the crank pin (g), and the pin u projecting from a branch arm of the guide out of the range of the cam (U).

When the space (a) between the ends of the annular segment (V) is brought over the arm (t) of the bell crank, a spring (w) acting upon the arm will pull it toward d cross back `and retraverseit again, making l" asingle vibration ofthe arm for one revolution" ofthe camfinstead ofallowing the pin i l (s) to pass around both ends ofthe groove,

y arm foronerevolutionjofthe cam.

y `Thearm" (t) remains in the spaceor notch exceptfor an instant during `eachrevo- "1 y lution of` the" cam when "it strikes the" pin (41)? in passing, andturning the lever 3 y `weft threads lcan not be beaten nearlyy so 7 close together as where the warps are not gtwined; therefore, whenever the arm (t) of y the lever "(T) drops into the notch (fu) of fthe cam (V) and the twisting of the warps (r) `withdraws lthe V,arm "from the notch for` an instant, which lwill permit theratchet `weft threads have been woven into `the web to `make a transverse stripe of plain :cloth of the width "required, which in the example of cloth represented in` `the drawings is five `weftthreads l l d "The ratchet wheel (W) turned, andthe clothwound "upbymeans of a ratchet arm (50)"on'ja vibrating lever":`(y)`.v This lever fis bent: `atthe `point so *that a portion (im) of its outer end `is inclined to thelradius of d the "arc 11in `which the" lever" turns# This inclined endl ofthe `leverpasses between a pin (y) projectingfromthe side of the sword i oflthelay, and `anotherpin justgabove it y i "sothat whenthelay moves forward tobeat "puptheweft, thefpin" (5) will press `againstand slide along `the upper` side of the inclined part ofthe lever,` and `depress it, `which will have the;` eect of pushing forl C *ward the ratchetand turning the wheel (W) which turns the pinionKY) that gears into awheel(Z) on theclothroll (C) and winds 5'50 it up. On the returnback ofthe lay, the

pin will strike land slide along the "under; side of the inclined part (m) of the l lever, elevating its'1 inclined end, and de- `pressingthe opposite `fend which will `pull "`"back the` ratchet, ready tobe `again pushed forward to lturn thefwheel (W) and the d notch on the neXt forward stroke of the lay. `The arm i (e) projects down from a shaft (e2) on the back` of the lay, which rests `in bearings in brackets (es). `Another arm (2) projects upward from thisshaft (e2) and is jointed to a bar (3) onthelay, to which the freedis attached. ,This reed bar (3)` is constantly pressedforwardby two springs (4) t traverse" one partiof the groove, and thenl and give? two strokes `o`r` vibrationsfto the` `wheel` to turnfifthe"requisite number of` whichprojects from thesideof anarm (a) on the back ofthe lay, and when the weft thread beaten up, the reed will yield and press these springs back which protects the web from being beat-en up too forcibly by the reed, `and also insures its being beaten up equally provided thecloth is taken up at the same `speed with which it is woven. This takd up is insured by making the yielding of the reed wind up the cloth. This Vis done by` the bar pressing the arm (e) back, when" the `reed strikesup the weft.

`The resistance of the weft to being beaten up turns the arm (e) with its pin, forward, and causing it to turn the lever down, if the reed should not be forced back, the pin (5) would" remain so far backf1 of the in- .clined end of the lever (m) that it would not (press it down. on the forward movement of @the lay, and therefore on that beatino winding up would `takeplace, although a "weft threadlwould be` put in. y Now this will renderV` the explanation of the unequal feed easy.

fW'here the warps are twined together the ceases, the` reed `will meet with less resistancein beating up the weft, and but little if any winding? up of the. cloth'V will take place until" a suiiicient number of additional weft `threads arethrown Aacross to compensate' the twining, which, inthe example ofcloth,

shown in the drawing is vve picks, when the feed will bewresumed and the notch of the cam turned past the arm d while the latter iswithdrawn by thecam (U)V as hereinbefore described, and gauze will again be woven until the notch (fv) of the'cam again comes around to the lever and suspends the twining. In this way the feed is varied in the proper manner, and at the proper time, by the automatic action of the machinery itself. i

- The needles for twisting the warp `are of two kinds, one (a &Z 1) with long eyes or mails, theother & b) with short eyes. Those with short eyes are designed to move the warp threads back and forth whenever they move, while those with long eyes are designed to move the warps in one direction only, to move freely over the warpsin the other direction without moving them. The eyes of these needles are at a short distance from their ends, and the end from the' eye ,outward is beaten into the form of a thin a sufficient number of the long eyed needles are set in at one end to make a strip of plain cloth of the required width for the selvage. NeXt a series of short eyed needles are placed in the stock, omitting one hole adjacent to the long eyed needles, for the purpose of permitting the lengthwise stripes to be woven in the web without crossing the thread. The number of sho-rt eyed needles thus placed must correspond to the number of meshes required in the stripe of gauze. Next, a long eyed needle is inserted, then a space of one hole is left, and another series of short eyed needles are inserted, and so, these operations are repeated until the comb is complete. The upper comb of needles should be commenced to be inserted at the opposite end of the stock from that at which those in the lower comb are inserted in order that the long eyed needles may be placed at opposite sides of the spaces in the two combs. The hooks of t-he needles in the two combs are turned toward each other, and the shanks of the two series stand in parallel planes but which do not meet or touch, and this is for the purpose of preventing the cutting or jamming of the warp threads that would take place if the needles of one series moved in the same plane while passing into the spaces between the needles of the other series, instead of passing in a plane in front or behind. This arrangement also greatly diminishes the liability of the needles to get bent or entangled with the warps or with each other.

Instead of bending the point of the neeolles they might be made straight, and those of one series inclined toward those of the other series, so that their tapered points might overlap, as they do when bent.

The stock of the lower series of needles has a lateral as well as an up and down motion, and the object is, to carry the threads which press through the eyes of those needles, alternately to the right and left of the threads which pass through the eyes of the upper series of needles preparatory to moving them up and down to form the shed. This gives the twist between the warps. This lateral movement of the needles takes place while they are at their lowest positionl jects down from it between two brackets (7) having adjustable set screws to limit these vibrations of the needles. The needle stock (b) has slots (b2) in each end through which screws are inserted to hold it upon the bar (R) and to serve as guides for the stock, to keep it sliding properly.

Having thus described my improvements, what I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,

l. Intertwining the warp threads in the manufacture of gauze fabrics, by the employment of needles having a compound motion, substantially as herein described.

2. Constructing the needles for working the warps with flat or thin and crooked ends, substantially as herein described.

3. The arrangement of the needles in two series and giving to one or both series a compound lateral and longitudinal motion, to intertwistthe threads which the two carry, and at the same time open a shed for the insertion of the weft thread substantially as herein described.

4. The method herein described of working the needles so as to cause them to raise,

and lower, and intertwine the warps, alternately, with simply raising and lowering them, to adopt them to weaving gauze and plain fabrics alternately.

5. The combination of the needles and heddles operating automatically substantially as herein described so as to forln a web of reticulated bars or strips of plain fabric with the spaces between the bars or strips filled with gauze.

6. The combination of the yielding reed (3), the lever (s) with the pin (5) on its lower end, the pin (y) on the sword of the lay, the ratchet lever with its double inclined planes for the pins to act upon, and the ratchet wheel with the cloth beam, for the purpose of winding up the woven fabric at a variable rate, substantially as herein set forth.

7. The combination of the mechanism for winding up the woven cloth, with the cam (V) and the intermediate devices for the purpose of effecting the requisite changes in the variable cam (T).

8. The variable cam (T) for the purpose of changino the operation of the needles, as herein set forth, to adapt them to weaving plain and gauze fabric, alternately as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.

LEWIS VAN RIPER.

Witnesses:

F. G. DE FONTAINE, P. H. VVA'rsoN. 

